The government of Ethiopia is on a concerted effort to place the country on the firm path towards attaining its vision of becoming a middle-income country by the year 2030. The education sector has been given priority through its different education sector development program phases (ESDP I-V), since the formation of the first growth and transformation plan (GTP I); this is as the country aims to transition from an agriculture-led economy to an industry-led one. The purpose of the roadmap and the reviews and the benchmarks contained therein is to serve as a “tool or reference points for setting ambitious improvement goals, and increasing the potential for improvement in numerous ways”.

The Textile and Leather Industry Development Center is established as an autonomous Federal Government Organ having its legal personality. The Center shall be accountable to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The centre shall provide comprehensive support, services, and resources to improve the competitive levels of the textile and leather industry.

The proclamation pushes to restructure the transport sector to make it amenable to the transport policies and strategies of the government. It clearly defines the powers and duties of the executive organs at federal and regional levels about the transport sector. The proclamation applies to the use of any road within Ethiopia, vehicles using the roads and their drivers; the use of any railways within Ethiopia, trains using the railways and their operators; Ethiopian ships and seafarers.

The proclamation attributes human and property accidents to deficiencies in vehicle registration and inspection, among others. The proclamation applies to vehicles operating on Ethiopian roads. It defines key terms, addresses registration and title certification, identification number plates; both permanent and temporary, and other provisions therein.

The proclamation recognises the existing gap between domestic and international demand for sugar and its current supply. It also points to the lack of private sector players in the industry, due to the huge investment it commands. The government thus wishes to establish the fund to address these challenges. The sugar development fund is established. The proclamation details source of funds, its utilization, administration, and account of the fund.

This contains strategies for the engagement of actors and stakeholders towards stimulation of the agro-industrial sector (dairy sub-sector). These strategies have an overarching goal to achieve poverty reduction and economic growth.

“The food security programme (FSP) is designed to help chronically food insecure households reach a level of food security necessary for an active and healthy life. the programme is premised on three components: resettlement, productive safety nets, and other food security interventions. The FSP rests on 3 pillars; improved access to food, increased availability of food and strengthened emergency response capabilities.

This is the fifth phase of the Education Sector Development Programme. It has the ultimate aim of ensuring the education sector contributes to, and complements other plans, to attain Ethiopia’s long term goal of becoming a middle-income country. It discusses the challenges the geographic distribution of the population can pose and the opportunity therein if the right investments are made. It focuses on ensuring equitable access to quality basic education at all levels and developing human skills and potential through training.

The strategy provides a comprehensive guideline to coordinate all efforts and activities towards improving nutrition status. The main objective of the strategy is to ensure optimum nutrition for all citizens. It however prioritises pregnant and lactating women, infants and children under five years of age, people living with HIV/AIDS, displaced population groups, food-insecure households, and some other population groups.

“The National Strategy and Action Plan for the Implementation of the Great Green Wall highlight the evolution of the Great Green Wall for the Sahel and Sahara Initiative (GGWSSI); presents an assessment of Ethiopia’s biophysical, socio-economic and policy, legislation and institutional aspects as they relate to the initiative and potential areas across the GGWSSI development. The strategy consists of six pillars namely: sustainable management of natural resources and improved production systems, development of basic socio-economic infrastructures, development of income-generating activities, promotion of good local governance, capacity building of stakeholders, and research and knowledge management. The overall goal of the GGWSSI is to improve the resilience of human and natural systems in the Sahel-Saharan zone against climate changes”.

The strategy acts on the premise that children’s learning abilities are impaired by poor health and nutrition. The strategy shifts the focus of health and nutrition needs away from pre-school children and mere survival, to school-age children, and better quality of life. Its goal is to improve access and educational achievement of school children through health and nutrition interventions. It also pushes towards coordination of all school health nutrition activities and interventions.

“This strategy includes effective antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention and containment of the ever-increasing range of infectious threats caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi in humans, animals, agriculture, and the environment. The multiple stakeholders across sectors and the whole of society will be coordinated for the prevention and containment of AMR. The vision of the strategy is a society where antimicrobials are recognized and managed as a valuable and shared resource, maintaining their efficacy so that infections in humans and animals remain treatable and communities continue to benefit from the advances that antimicrobials enable”.

“This Water Resources Management Policy of Ethiopia aims at enhancing the development of the country’s water resources to make an optimum contribution to accelerated socio-economic growth. The overall goal of the Policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards the efficient, equitable and optimum utilization of the available Water Resources of Ethiopia for significant socioeconomic development on a sustainable basis. Its objectives are Development of the water resources of the country for economic and social benefits of the people, on an equitable and sustainable basis; allocation and apportionment of water, based on comprehensive and integrated plans and optimum allocation principles that incorporate the efficiency of use, equity of access, and sustainability of the resource; managing and combating drought and floods; conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquatic environment on a sustainable basis”.

The overarching goal of this strategy is to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia. The Strategy provides technical guidance for mothers, on infant and young children feeding, and providing recommendations.

The policy acknowledges the non-realization of the potential benefits inherent in the country’s wildlife and forestry sector. It states that the threats faced by the sector arise from illegal and improper land use ranging from illegal encroachment, poaching, and settlement. The strategy and policy follow from existing international natural resources and development principles in seeking to arrest the rapid decline in the numbers of wildlife, and realization of the potential in the sector in form of tourism, sports, and trade. The major objective of the policy is to create a conducive environment whereby the country’s wildlife and their habitats are protected and developed sustainably.

This document is the fourth volume of the national policy on natural resources and the environment. Volume 1 examined the underlying state of the country’s natural resources, volume II presented a policy and strategic framework for the sustainable use of the resources, while III dealt with questions arising with regards to institutions and implementation plans for the strategies. This volume IV highlights plans and actions across a framework of cross-sectoral and sectoral programmes to translate the strategies in volume II into actionable activities.

This highlights the holistic plans of the transitional government for Ethiopia. The general policy pointers include the democratization and decentralization of the health service system; the development of the preventive and promotive components of health care; development of an equitable and acceptable standard of the health service system that will reach all segments of the population within the limits of recourses; promoting and strengthening of intersectoral activities; the provision of health care for the population on a scheme of payment according to ability with special assistance mechanisms for those who cannot afford to pay; and promoting the participation of the private sector and non-governmental organizations in health care.

The Agriculture and Natural Resources Sector Growth and Transformation Plan II (ANR-GTP II) follows from the First Growth and Transformation Plan and leverages on the lessons drawn from its implementation. The ANR GTP II represents the agriculture and natural resources national visions, goals, and strategies aimed at contributing towards the national target of achieving a Middle-Income economy.

This report explicitly explains Ethiopia’s drive towards achieving the MDGs. It shows the progress made so far, with the policies, strategies, and programs explored to attain current progress. It also describes the challenges encountered in the course of the journey as well as hopes and prospects for the future.

The strategy contains the visions, systemic bottlenecks, and priority interventions for the agricultural extension system in Ethiopia. The novel strategy on agricultural extension is based on the push to drive agricultural productivity and improve food security and nutrition through the development of innovative and farmer-owned extension services. The objective of the extension system is to “transform Ethiopia’s agriculture through implementation of pluralistic extension system and by providing demand-driven and market-led extension services to male, female and youth farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists”.